Followers and Leaders of Animal Farm

Animals on Manor Farm over throw their mean and evil rulers who have overworked and mistreated them. Once the animals get control over the farm they set up slogans and rules the animals must follow in order to have equality and justice on the new farm.The farm is mainly ran by the pigs, who are considered the most intelligent, and also the two main ruler pigs named Snowball and Napoleon. Napoleon uses dogs he took away as pups and trained them to follow his words and also uses them to chase Snowball off the farm. Now Napoleon has complete control over the farm along with the other pigs and the dogs.Napoleon’s number one pig who helps him run the farm the way he likes is named Squealer. Squealer is very persuasive and can manipulate any animal he needs to. The author of the book Animal Farm is named George Orwell and he wrote this story to have a allegorical representation of the Russian Revolution. Orwell shows in this piece of writing that both leaders and followers in a soci ety can act in ways that destroy certain rights such as freedom and equality. One of the followers name is Boxer and this horse believes that everything the pigs say about napoleon is always right.Overall, Napoleon’s right hand pig, Squealer, uses persuasive wording and powerful speeches to manipulate other animals on the farm that Napoleon is always right. In Animal Farm one of the leaders name is Squealer and he is a pig who is very persuasive.The text states, â€Å"The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white. † (pg:16) When George Orwell describes Squealer as being able to â€Å"turn black into white†, he is in fact referring to Squealer's persuasive skill. In other words, Squealer has enough persuasive talent to be able to convince the animals in Animal Farm that black is white or vice-versa.Squealer uses his wonderful way of talking persuasively towards the other animals on the farm. When Squealer does this he is being manipulative words to make the animals think what he wants them to.This effects the equality on the farm because the animals may not realize that they are being cheated out of their rights they originally fought for when they ran the original farm hands off the farm. Squealer’s persuasion is powerful because he influences the animals into thinking only positive ideas about Napoleon. This shows that Squealer is very manipulative and takes advantage of his power of manipulation.Squealer keeps his power throughout the novel is by staying as an important aspect to Napoleon. Napoleon uses Squealer to go out and persuade the animals on the farm that the pigs aren’t doing anything wrong or against the rules. This is very relevant to the story because if Napoleon didn’t have Squealer to help him run the farm than Napoleon wouldn’t have too many supporters and without his supporters he wouldn’t have any power. In Animal Farm, Orwell chose the characteristics of the animals t o allegorically represent people or groups from the Russian Revolution.Napoleon plays Stalin who was a cruel ruler who used military tactics to enforce his rules. This overall represents how in Animal Farm Orwell used all of the characters to have an allegorical meaning. Squealer is a representation of the Propaganda Department, and Napoleon represents the Russian Revolutions cruel leader. Squealer’s overall goal is to persuade all of the animals to becoming loyal to Napoleon like how the propaganda department was a way of persuading the people of the Soviet Union to become loyal to Stalin.Squealer is reaching his goal one by one and gains support every time he talks to the animals. Next, in Animal Farm one of the animals who follow Napoleon and Squealer’s words is a very strong and hardworking horse named Boxer. At first, things seem to be going well. He's a hard worker, making â€Å"I will work harder† into his personal motto (ch-3). He's a brave fighter, and the narrator tells us that, during the Battle of the Cowshed, â€Å"the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion† (ch-4).But it's not enough to keep him safe. At the beginning of the novel, Old Major warns Boxer that he's disposable: â€Å"the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will send you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the fox-hounds† (ch-1). Boxer can see that—but once Jones is forced off the farm, Boxer thinks the threat is gone. He's just not smart enough to see that he's got a whole new species to worry about. Boxer worries about the farm, but he's not smart enough to figure things out on his own.Instead of thinking for himself, he decides to be loyal no matter what—to follow the Party (as in, Communist Party) line. Like, after Snowball is sent into exile, Boxer tries to think things over for himself, but all he can come up with is, â€Å"If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right,† and he takes up a new personal motto: â€Å"Napoleon is always right† (ch-5). Boxer is one of the animals who is easily persuaded and this is why the pigs think of him as a powerful disciple. Boxer absorbs everything the pigs tell him.Boxer would work so hard that it would influence the other animals to want to start and work also. This is not a good thing that is happening because when they are working on different projects on the farm they are taking orders from Napoleon and if they do that than there isn’t equality because this means that Napoleon is of a higher authority. If Napoleon is a higher rank in the social class than there isn’t equality. Boxer does not realize that he is giving up his freedom and he certainly doesn’t know that he is causing the other animals to also.He doesn’t realize this because all he does is follow Napoleons rules and work as hard as he can. Boxer motivates the other animals to work harder when the animals see him trying so hard to work. Boxer’s behavior is not typical of the animals on Animal Farm because he doesn’t ever question Napoleon like some of the other followers on the farm have. Also Boxer is not like the other animals because even though he is a follower he influenced other animals to follow in his footsteps and work harder.This shows that because Boxer is listening to Squealer he worked harder and that influences the other animals to work but also to give away their right to freedom and equality. In Conclusion, Napoleon’s second in command, also known as Squealer, persuades the animals on Animal Farm into thinking he is a wonderful leader. One of Squealer’s followers is a very work dedicated horse named Boxer. The author of this story is name Orwell and his purpose of writing this piece was to have the allegorical purpose of symbolism of the Russian R evolution.Orwell may have written this as a warning to the readers about how human behavior is when they get to much power. When someone gets too much power it goes to their head and they can’t function like they use to and may make bad decisions. From this novel the reader has learned that society is always adjusting itself. Not every situation is perfect nor can one expect perfection. However, the reader also learned that people have morals by which they hold themselves. Any leader who pushes his morals upon a group does not deserve power.

Case Study: Organization Behaviour Essay

1.0What do you think caused Deborah react in such manner towards Melinda? Do you think these reactions are justified? Organizational change is the alteration of the way in which people are organized (Dessler Gary, 2002). This can be something as simple as an organization restructuring itself in relative to resources, for example human resources as the case may be. However the housing industry association in Brisbane brought about an organizational change relative to the human resources in the company by promoting the 2-year-old working staff in the company to be the Executive support manager. By and large, change in an organizational setting is somewhat hard basically on the part of employees in the organization as it seems hard to alter habits, attitudes, and ethics at work in response to organizational objectives. Change in the context of an organization is defined as persuasive influence, where all aspects are subjects to continual change of one form or another. (Mullins, 2005, p. 909). Melinda’s promotion in the organization created a problem for Deborah who because of the attitudes towards jobs failed to be promoted. This has actually caused her to react in many bad ways such as bad-mouthing attitude against Melinda to other staff in the organization and making some derogatory remarks about her to other staff in the company through the use of strong critics that she is an egotistical slave-driver with no respect for the people who are being supervised. Personally, it can be inferred that Deborah was caught in a change resistance. Organization change resistance threatens structures of power with members resisting and questioning the object being changed. (Smith, C. A. 2003). In this case study it can be established that change resistance crept in the organization through two ways. Firstly, she feels that way because she thinks it’s unfair to have promoted Melinda having just worked few years, precisely two years in the company. She feels like she has spent fifteen years in the company and has accrued experience and skills that matches any promotion. Secondly, Deborah resisted the change in the structure within the facet of the organization because of her own selfish acts, specifically freedom to do whatever she likes in the company. She very much understands that the new office that is created for Melinda will closely monitor all the staff and that means that she will not at liberty to do those things again. From the case study, it is learnt that Deborah misuses her office in allocating more than one hour, to be precise two hours for the break while at work and she closes always at work one hour before the normal closing hour with the reason that she would be picking up the kids for home. All these are personal reasons for Deborah and are those that are behind her resistance to the new structures of the organization which elevates Melinda. Moreover, she feels more threatened that the laziness in her at work will be corrected by a two-year old working staff in the company, a phenomenon which she really frowns at. It can be argued that none of Deborah’s reactions are justified in any forms. From the case study, it can be assumed that Melinda’s appraisal at work is interesting and encouraging to have been recommended for such position at such early year of service in the organization. It is also an assumption that the whole staff is in the know of Deborah’s bad attitude at work and for that, there is a need to make her redress. If she is performing very great, or excellently well, then she wouldn’t have felt threatened at work. It is also understood that if Deborah is recommended for the task, she will not be able to perform well in line with the duties and responsibilities which she herself is a failure. Therefore, for an organization like HIA to run well, there is a need for a positive and good attitude staff to run the affairs. 2.0What could Melinda have done to better resolve this issue with Deborah? Melinda sensed that Deborah has been acting so bad at work and realized the importance of resolving the issues with her. She established a meeting with her informally at a coffee shop where she made her understand the roles and responsibilities unto which her office is tied to and her commitment to carry them out religiously. This is considered as a communication in resolving issues and it’s very great in resolution. However while doing this; she could have compromised a little bit perhaps by giving her choices just to settle the dispute between them. Some of the choices could be rotating her job responsibilities and trying to be flexible on her work periods. It is understood that she uses more official time for herself and family and she can work these time out on some other days, preferably weekends in order to compensate for the lost official time. Melinda could have compromised her stand on insisting that Deborah should not do things in her ways in a bid to better resolve the issues. Although this seems de-motivational for other staff that have the understanding that Deborah has been indolen t in the organization. But on the note of resolution, Melinda could have granted the deal that Deborah worked and peace would have reigned in the organization. Since it is in the best interest of the organization to settle the scores, then Melinda should have negotiated and worked out some leverages on her at least to make the work go on. Negotiation theory and practice have a great strength in easing organizational problem as it offers a two-way street. (Dessler, Gary. 2002). It is my opinion also that this issues could have been reported to the management who understand all the affairs of the organization. Usually, this case is best handled by the management who will find out the sources and the causes of the problem so at to be able to better resolve the issues between them. Managers’ involvement in dispute resolution within the framework of an organization enhances resolution through proper communication and negotiation skills. (Greenberg J &Baron A.R 2003). Organizations have ways and procedures of resolving conflicts within organizational members in quest for smooth work relationship. The ways adopted by every organization could be different depending on the issues. Conflict resolution can be employed through the use of the combination of strict and stringent measures among conflicting members in an organization. (Robbins, S.P 2000). Such theory and concept can be applied to the case between Melinda and Deborah. Also, Melinda should have gone for negotiation in order to better resolve this issue between them. She should have adopted good negotiating skills and offered many choices of things to take from perhaps it may go well with her. This is because effective negotiation brings about happiness at work in employees and employer relationship. (Dent Edward, 2003). Furthermore, Deborah understands she is a long-time serving staff and deserves respect most especially from junior staff like Melinda. Following this, to better resolve the issues, Melinda could have condescended herself while discussing the issues with Deborah. That could have made Deborah changes her mind against insisting on her ways. 3.0Is organizational change more stressful for team members or for team leaders? Identify the possible stressors for organizational members experiencing change in the workplace as depicted in the case study. In every organization, the role of team leaders are not changed and are elaborate in assisting the team members in identifying key work tasks, supporting as they perform these tasks while team members are just members of the team who are executing all the tasks relative to the common goals of the team.( Bass, B.M, et.al). Because team leaders just lead the team in assisting the team members to realize the goals, it is very easy for them to see, feel the organizational change and therefore less stressful for them. Team leaders are seen to be directing and supervising the tasks no t really executing them. (Lax, D.A. and Sebenius, J.K.,(2006). For this fact, organizational changes are easily understood by them. Because team leaders are usually one person, it is less stressful for them to adapt to any corms of organizational changes that comes their way. (Hersey, P.2006) Who are the doers of the team tasks? Who are responsible for the team tasks? It is the responsibility of the individual team members within a team. Because of the numbers which ranges from three to ten depending on the size of the project or task, it is very much difficult to bear these stresses. If taken for example, one of the team members react negatively to the team task relative to the organizational change, then the outcome of the team performance will be failure. Because team members are made up of individuals, then it is very much difficult for them to adapt to any organizational change that comes their ways as compared to the leader who is only one entity that will just act accordingly to the organizational change. In a nutshell, team members because of their numbers and their respective tasks in the team feel more stressful to bear the organizational change in the organization. (Howard, L.W. 1998). One of the possible stressors for organizational members who are experiencing change in the workplace as highlighted in the case study is overloaded workload on the path of the members of the organization. All organizational members are constantly encouraged to stay back in the organization to work some hours after the completion of the official hours. This is in line with the organizational structure of that the HIA has just adopted. This has created a lot of stress and thus has enabled them to be passing some assaults unto each other. Members of the organization after being tired at work can be seen assaulting other members in the organization. Another stressor that cannot be overlooked is the lack of social support from others at workplace and the work home interface which can also be regarded as work/non-work conflict which is concerned with management of the relationship between the individual roles and responsibilities both on the job and off the job. (Howard, L.W. 1998). An example of this is shown by Deborah who is seen to be insulting Melinda for making her to stay after working hours. Another stressor that can still be noticed is bad relationships among coworkers. The organizational structural change in HIA organization has caused organizational members to experience poor interpersonal relationship with each other. An illustration of this is seen from the attitude of Deborah in the organization towards other members of the organization. Deborah is seen to be very moody and always keeping to herself at work and most times expressing reluctance to interact with members who fails to share her own point of view. 4.0How might the situation be influenced by organizational or national level culture? Organizational culture is one of the principal factors in assessing the success of an organization in managing the work stress. This is reflected in the attitudes of the organizational member, their shared beliefs about the organization, their shared value systems and common and accepted ways of behaving while at work. (Deutsch, M., 2008).It can be established that organizational culture has strength in recognizing organizational problems and how they can be solved. It has influence and can affect what is experienced as stressful, how the experience translates into health difficulties, how both stress and health are reported in the organization and how the organization shows their response into such reports being made. (Clifford, James 2000). In view of this all organizational members with inclusions to the managers must therefore be conscious of the organizational culture and make exploration in relation to the work stress management. Because there is a great influence coming in the path of organizational culture on the overloaded work situation of the members of the organization, it is very much necessary and important that all hands must be on deck in engaging in culture change activities as it is an essential part of improving the management of stress at work. (Alvesson, M. 2000) The situation can influence the organizational systems and procedures. The simplest definition of culture is â€Å"that’s the way we do things around here.† Organizational routines and processes can become so inserted that they are considered as part of the culture, and changing the culture demands that the routines be changed too. (DiBella, A. J. 2006). An organization that has the culture of having meetings weekly and monthly can therefore become more formalized and cumbersome based on the organizational change. Therefore, changing the culture to improve communication in the organization can possibly be the made realistic by changing the procedures of the meeting or eliminating the meetings completely. The situation might be influenced by organizational or national-level culture through improving the working conditions of the organizational members in the organization. (Dent, J. F. 2001). Improving the work conditions through organizational culture will undoubtedly reduce any forms of stress at work and it has involvement of identifying any stressful parts of work. (Iivari, N. 2002). For example as it has been highlighted in the case study: extreme workload, and warring members in the organization. This strategy will definitely reduce or eliminate the identified stressors in the organization. The advantage of this influence by organizational culture combats the sources of the stress at work. Sometimes, the managers disagree with this technique because of its involvement in altering the routines of work or schedules of productions, or changes in the organizational structure. Any tasks to reduce all the mentioned stressors in the organization should be given top most priority to organizational change in improving the organizational working conditions. (Kappos, A. – Croteau, A. 2002). 5.0References Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (2000). Transformational leadership and the organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17, 112-122. Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (1994).Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage. Howard, L.W. (1998). Validating the competing values model as a representation of organizational cultures. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 6(3), 231-250 Trice, H.M. and Beyer, J.M. (1992). The cultures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice Hall. Stoner James A. F., Freeman R. Edward, and Gilbert, Jr. Daniel R. (2003) Smith, C. A. (2003). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538 – 551 Management (New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India), Sixth Edition. Greenberg J &Baron A.R (2003) â€Å"Behaviour in Organisations†, Prentice Hall, Vol. 8, pp. 188- 215. Dessler, Gary. (2002).Personnel management: Modern concepts and techniques. Reston, VA: Prentice-Hall Company Robbins, S.P (2000) Organization Theory: structure, Design and Application, 3rd ed; London, Prentice Hall International Inc. Dent Edward, (2003) challenging† resistance to change† Journal of Organizational Change Management. Hersey, P.(2006) Management of Organizational Behavior; Leading Human Resources: 8th Ed, New Delhi; Prentice-Hall of India Lax, D.A. and Sebenius, J.K., (2006). The Manager as Negotiator. Free Press, New York, USA. Deutsch, M., (2008). Organizational culture, Journal of Organizational behavior, 2: 265-279. Clifford, James (2000): The Predicament of Culture. London: Harvard University Press. Alvesson, M. (2000): On the Popularity of Organizational Culture. Acta Sociologica 33(1). Pp. 31-49 DiBella, A. J. (2006): Culture and Planned Change in an International Organization: A Multi-Level Predicament. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 4(4). Pp. 352-372. Dent, J. F. (2001): Accounting and Organizational Cultures: A Field Study of the Emergence of a New Organizational Reality. Accounting, Organizations and Society 16(8). Pp. 705-732. Iivari, N. (2002): Analyzing the Role of Organizational Culture in the Implementation of UserCentered Design: Disentangling the Approaches for Cultural Analysis. Judy Hammond, Tom. Gross, Janet Wesson (Eds.): Usability: Gaining a Competitive Edge, 226 Kluwer. Pp. 57-71 Iivari, N. (2002): Analyzing the Role of Organizational Culture in the Implementatio n of UserCentered Design: Disentangling the Approaches for Cultural Analysis. Judy Hammond, Tom Gross, Janet Wesson (Eds.): Usability: Gaining a Competitive Edge, 226 Kluwer. Pp. 57-71 Kappos, A. – Croteau, A. (2002): Organizational Change and Culture: Insights on BPR Projects. Proceedings of the 8th Americas Conference on Information Systems. August, 9-11, Dallas, USA. Pp. 2076-2084.

Asylum Seekers Essay Example for Free

Asylum Seekers Essay I have chosen to do my discursive essay on asylum seekers. I will try to separate lies from facts. I had to think carefully about this topic as there are so many different views on asylum seekers. I also opted to look into asylum seekers because I found that they are an extremely oppressed group. I will give pros and cons on asylum seekers and try to balance out my argument. The impact and influences people in power have on the mass media is tremendous. Together with the negative media coverage, asylum seekers have been given such a bad image. International asylum law defines an asylum seeker as someone who seeks asylum in a foreign country because of war, violence or out of fear of persecution. Only after the recognition of the asylum seekers protection needs, he or she is officially referred to as an asylum seeker and enjoys asylum seeker status, which carries certain rights and obligations according the receiving country. Over the last four years there have been 138,530 asylum seekers in the UK alone. There are many claims about asylum seekers that give them this – Britain is known for asylum seekers to do what they want wherever and whenever they want; but asylum seekers are not allowed to claim welfare benefits in the UK. I found out about forty organisations working with asylum seekers and it says that 85% starve because they have no food to live on and 95% cannot afford to buy clothes or shoes and 80% are not able to maintain a good healthy life. I also found out that nine out of ten asylum seekers will pretend to be in danger to get into Britain. Over half of asylum seekers in the UK are given permission to stay here. The ideas that are often portrayed of asylum seekers are not just ones of foreigners trying to get into Britain but sometimes asylum seekers are accused of being criminals. I found out that having fled danger in their home country asylum seekers are more likely to become victims of crime in the UK .Most asylum seekers that come to Scotland think that it’s amazing, outstanding some even say paradise. This shows us the impact and difference it actually has on their life. In Afghanistan you wouldn’t be able to go a walk, go out with friends for a while like you do here; there are bombs going off, dead bodies lying around the streets and you would hardly see any of your friends and family. Most of them don’t even go to school whereas in the UK they love going to school even though most of us hate it, they love the fact that they are learning and are getting an education but a down point to going to school over here is that they would have to learn English and know it really well if not then they would find it very difficult. Some say that Scottish are the best people ever and they feel so welcomed when they come here. The list could go on. In Afghanistan they would have to have an arranged marriage where they have no say on what happens and when it happens. Whereas here in the UK they can get married whenever they want and whatever age they want they might not even get married. It would be their own choice. On the other hand people in Scotland /UK don’t think about all those horrible things that happen in Afghanistan. Some people just presume because they’re not from here or had a different coloured skin that they are terrorists. Some are even scared. And some even bully them because they are a different race or have lost a family member. We dont think of what we actually have†¦ fully educated and we can do a lot more things that they can’t do. When they come to the UK most asylum seekers would do anything for a job they think that British people are so lucky to live a as they say a normal life, but the downside to that is they take jobs away from local people which makes them more angry. Some UK citizens can’t tell the difference between asylum seekers and illegal immigrants they are discriminated against because of this. Some asylum seekers can make a positive contribution to the economy and local community by having a special talent and can help out. To summarise the discusion of asylum seekers is that there a lot of different views on them. There are so many pros and cons but I have only chosen ones I thought stand out and give good evidence. It’s really yourself that needs to decide what you think on asylum seekers, other people may think different from you but it’s you own opinion and not all asylum seekers are the same. Asylum Seekers. (2016, May 26).

Nursing and Midwifery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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WALMART'S OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Digital marketing - Essay Example The paper "Digital marketing" study illustrates the use of digital marketing in the â€Å"adidas Group† strategy for gaining competitive market position. Companies increasingly invent new business models–or strategies–for selling as the markets globalize, competition intensifies, and both consumers and investors become more demanding. The new business challenges of the Internet era largely stems from the globalization. Digital methods such as the real time marketing tools have become an essential part of the global business giants today. Researchers have reported three distinct waves in the direct and interactive marketing during the past 30 years namely; mainstreaming, database marketing and the Internet stage. The new horizon in the Internet stage brings fascinating opportunities for the marketers, enabling them to actually realize the goals of one-to one marketing while also encouraging them to learn, deploy, and adopt information technologies strategically. I n other words online technology and marketing have joined during the above third wave. Any business that chooses to ignore these new changes will most likely die out from the market eventually because the intensifying global competition has made it almost impossible to do any effective marketing without in some way using the technology of the Internet (Wiedemann, 2001). For example, the â€Å"adidas Group† stated its brands needed to make more relevant to the online audiences in order to propel demand. Hence the company is now engaged.

Social economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social economics - Essay Example Improving the social being is one of the prime concerns of the governments and devotes a lot of interest to achieve economic prosperity. But economic prosperity may not bring improved social well being for all as well being is not directly related to income. The aspects of social capital can act to reduce transaction costs and also encourage behavior and trust. The different sources within the community can be thought of as the origination of social capital. Social capital can operate and emerge in families and educational institutions and also in business and local community. Social capital can have both positive and negative impacts on the society. On the one hand it creates social division and on the other leads to social and economic well being at least for some sections of the society. There are mainly five mechanisms by which social capital can affect the outcomes. A distinction can be made between the formal and informal forms of social capital. Formal social capital refers to patterns of behavior, exchange norms, networks which are formally defined. The networks operating outside this formal system refer to informal social capital. The usefulness of this distinction lies in illustrating the problems arising in operations of social capital. The first kind of social capital can be found in the extent of civil society while the second form can be difficult to find as it requires household surveys. At the national level poverty refers to a country’s lack of resources necessary towards education, health and infrastructure. This may give rise to political unrest. In the developed countries poverty is one of the social problems. Poverty alleviation has been one of the guiding principles for most of the governments. The role of economic growth and development in creating employment avenues has clearly been recognized. Some specific sectors have been chosen by most administrations and growth oriented approach has been undertaken.

Themes of community, family, and mental illness in the book In Cold Research Paper

Themes of community, family, and mental illness in the book In Cold Blood by Truman Capote - Research Paper Example The clutter is portrayed as a well to do family of six who started from a humble background. At the time of the murder, Clutter was said to have graduated into a successful farmer and a generous employee who is admired by many people in his community. Capote in writing his book brings out certain pertinent ideas on the American living that are artistically captured in creatively organized themes. This paper examines the themes of community, family, and mental illness as portrayed in Capote’s In Cold Blood and how they are intertwined in describing a true American Countryside life. Community The role of the community in a Native American countryside life is pleasingly analyzed in Capote’s book by examining the organization of the community and the role played by the community members to each other in their bid to co-exist. Holcomb village is pictured as a middle class American village characterized by people of different caliber. According to Gibson, the Clutter is said to be one among the other members who can be graded as successful members of the Holcomb community and his status earns him a lot of respect from the whole community and in the whole state as a generous employer. The family is highly regarded as having started off from a humble background to their then state. ... e community members respect the Clutters because of his kindness despite his status despite the material wealth he owns as compared to the surrounding neighborhood and this is evidenced in the shock and sympathy with which the whole village receives the news about their murder. Capote describes a friendly community as one where the members live in harmony with each other regardless of one’s social status and the Clutter’s death is a revelation to the security threat in the region that a long time has co-existed in a peaceful environment. (Capote) This is contrasted with the Smith’s community, which is rather brutal, and each one is not concerned about the welfare of the other. Smith’s father is an example in this case who continuously batters his wife to an extent that they divorce. Moreover, the situation in the Smith’s village is expended when the Smith’s family is torn apart due to constant quarrels, he runs away from home and finding no f riends to confide in, he engages himself in crimes influenced by the bitter experiences and neglect he had been subjected. No one cares about him despite the ordeal he undergoes, Guest further asserts that his beating and humiliation by cottage mistress result from his maturity malfunction. Out of loneliness, Smith is most likely lured into criminal offenses, in order to avenge his bitter experiences, that lands him in and out of detention several times. Smith’s coincidental meeting with Dick who takes advantage of his situation is probably augmented by lack of care and intervention by the surrounding people and family friends. Even after he has landed into bad company the community members are still silent about this and no one intervenes to offer comfort or counseling to their troubled fellow. This only accelerates

Russia and the Soviet Union 1917-1924 Essay Example for Free

Russia and the Soviet Union 1917-1924 Essay 1. The March revolution of 1917: * The Tsar abdicates on the 20th March, in favour of his brother Michael because his son Alexis was too young. * However, the people had other ideas, they wanted a change in government. 2. The provisional Government: * The crowds gathered outside the Tauride Palace Demanding that the Duma took charge of the country. * A temporary government was formed to rule the country until an election could be held to decide who and how the country would be run. 3. Soviets * AS the provisional government was taking way, another group was starting up, the Petrograd Soviet. People sent representatives to sort out their interests. * The first thing that the soviet did was to issue order 1, which gave it control of the armed forces in Petrograd. How did the Bolsheviks seize power? March 1917 Provisional Government + Petrograd Soviet Control Russia 1. What do they do? The first thing what happened was: Political prisoners were freed; they made the press free to do what they liked. There would be freedom of speech, the right to strike and an end to social discrimination and the death penalty. 2. Issue 1:the war The provisional government continued the war with the agreement with the Soviets. Everybody had too much pride to be beaten by the Germans. Also they wanted to stay allies with Britain and France in the future. The war continued badly and the Russians were still losing food and fuel. The people needed the war to end. 3. Issue 2:land As soon as the Tsar was gone the peasants thought they could have had always wanted, Land. But the provisional government wouldnt give them it. This was because they though that they should leave it to the properly elected government. People began to take land anyway. 4. The return of Lenin When Lenin returned it was a whole new start to the revolution. Lenin had not been in Russia during the March Revolution. With a lot of help from the Germans he got a sealed train to Petrograd at the beginning of April. The 1st speech that Lenin made to the people was demanding that thee should be no co-operating with the provisional government, the war should be ended, the land should be given to the peasants and that the Soviets should take power. These points were later written up in the April Theses 5. The July Days Only the Bolsheviks opposed the war. During the 1917 summer more and more common people opposed to the war. In July the Kerensky launched an attack against the Russians, which they lost. Thus there was a huge demonstration in Petrograd, which became known as the July days. Everyone poured into the streets protested about the war. They all to the Bolsheviks to lead them but they turned them away. Kerensky produced letters incriminating Lenin. This forced Lenin to flee to Finland. * The war distinguished the Bolsheviks from other groups because thy opposed the war. 6. Autumn 1917 * Events started to work in the Bolsheviks Favour * Kerensky had appointed a general called Kornilov to be head of the army * There wanted to establish a strong sturdy Government in Russia his own government. * Many people of the Petrograd panicked; there was bound to be violence and bloodshed. * Kerensky also panicked and asked the Bolsheviks for help. * He gave rifles to the Bolshevik Red Guard; groups of workers who had been training secretly, and now appeared on the streets to help defend the city. * Kornilov troops never arrived. The railway workers and other soldiers persuaded them not to fight their fellow Russians. * How ever the Red Guard kept their rifles. How did the Bolsheviks Seize Power? Moral was low, there were riots and fights, Russia was a descrase. The Bolsheviks were now moving in on the Winter Palace, where the provisional Government was meeting. During the afternoons, most of the Cossacks had slipped out of the palace, leaving some military cadets and the Womens death Battalion. At 9.00p.m the Aurora (a ship whose sailors supported the Bolsheviks) fired a blank shot to start the attack. There was little machine-gun fire, and very little damage was done to the palace. The womens death battalion offered no resistance, came out and went back to camp. The red guards entered and made their way along the miles of corridors. When they did meet military cadets, they gave up, as did the Provisional Government when the Red Guards found them. The Bolsheviks had control of Petrograd. Key points of how the Bolsheviks took over * The general moral of the people was low, causing fights and riots. * Bolsheviks moved onto the Winter Palace, where the Provisional Government was meeting * At 9.00p.m, the Aurora, fired a blank shot and started the Attack * All offensive gave up to the Bolsheviks, and they had complete control of Petrograd. The Role of Lenin in the November 1917 Revolution Lenin made a difference Lenin didnt make a difference * Limitless capability to persuade people * He had the power to say what people wanted, and give it to them * He listened to people on the street, factories and Barracks, and knew what the people wanted * With out Lenin the Bolshevik coup would have been postponed and might of failed. * After all this the Bolshevik partys membership began to grow rapidly * Lenins role in some historians opinions, fell short of Trotskys Conclusion Did he make a difference? I would conclude that Lenin did make a difference because without him, people would not of got what he wanted; the Bolshevik coup would of failed. He did some think different, he listened to the people, he found out what they wanted and helped them, where as other leaders wouldnt, hey would of done it their way. How did Lenin Control Russia in 1917? Lenin had seized power in Petrograd, but for how long could he hold on to it? A few days after the takeover, Kerensky sent some troops to let the provisional Government take control again Populist Measures November * A maximum eight-hour day and 48 hour week declared for industrial workers. * Employment insurance introduced for workers for injuries, illness, and unemployment * All titles and class distinctions abolished no dukes or lords, the title comrade for everybody. * Women declared equal to men. December * All Factories to be put under the control of workers comities. * All banks taken over by the government * The army to be more democratic officers to be elected, no ranks or saluting * Divorce made easier and marriages do not have to be in churches. The Cheka In December 1917, Lenin set up the Cheka. The head of this secret police force was the cold and incorruptible Felix Dzerzhinski. He set up headquarters in the lubyanka in Moscow, a name that was to become feared because of the torture and executions that were carried out there. The Cheka arrested people who were considered dangerous. After an assassination attempt on Lenin, the Cheka launched the Red Terror. Anybody who spoke out against the government was arrested, and many were shot with out t trail. Sometimes it was enough to be someone who might oppose the Bolsheviks. The use of terror to control people was to become a feature of the new regime. Constituent Assembly * By November 1917, Lenin had been forced into holding elections promised by the provisional government. * Railway workers said that the would shut down the railways if Lenin did not go ahead with Russias first free elections. * These were to choose a constitunal Assembly, which would work out how Russia would be governed in the future. Peace * Lenin sent Trotsky to meet the Germans to negotiate a peace treaty. * Trotsky walked out of the talks because the Germans demanded so much territory. * He stated that there would be No Peace, No war * However, Lenin sent him back, he was sure that the Bolsheviks would stay in Power only if the war could be ended quickly. * The result was the harsh treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 How did the communists win the civil war? There were three sides to the civil war, but two main ones. The reds and the whites. The Reds: The Bolsheviks or Communists (Red was the colour of Communism). The Whites: All the opponents of the Bolsheviks -tsarists and nobles, middle-class constitutional democrats, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The whites got their name from the white uniforms worn by the Tsarist officers. This meant that the Whites were always associated with the Tsar and the old system of government. The Greens: Independent groups of nationalists, peasants or bandits who roamed Russia at this time. They fought anyone and raided villages and towns. The most famous was the Ukrainian nationalist, Nestor Makno, who shared his booty with local peasants. Geographical Factors Reds * They held the central area of western Russia, which contained most of the large industrial canters able o produce munitions and war supplies. * They had control of the railway lines, which connected Petrograd and Moscow to the rest of the country. This meant that they could send soldiers and munitions quickly to any place in the battle area. Whites * They were scattered around this central area, often with hundreds of miles separating the different armies. * Communications were difficult that is, if the generals wanted to communicate. Aims Reds * The red only really had on aim, which was to stay in power so that they could build up the new Socialist society. Whites * The many people that made up the whites had some different aims, some of them wanted to tsar back, some a military Dictator; others wanted revolutionary change. The only aim they had been in common was to defeat the Bolsheviks; they only agreed on little less. Leadership and unity Reds * Leader wise the reds had a great one, Trotsky. He built up the red army from nothing, he brought in conscription for men over eighteen years of age, he introduced nearly over 50,000 experienced former Tsarists officers and he appointed political Commissars fanatical Bolsheviks to each unit of men to make sure the officers and soldiers carried out their orders. * Trotsky was personally very courageous. He had a special train which transported him around his army of hand picked soldiers to the places where fighting was difficult. Whites * The whites didnt really have good leaders, often the commanders were cruel, treated their men with disrespect and set a bad example, by doing stuff like drinking and taking drugs * The white generals did not trust each other and would not re-ordinate their attacks. This then allowed the reds to pick of the white army one by one. * The whites had problems inside their armies too. There was often fighting and squabbling because groups had different aims and beliefs. It was particularly hard for revolutionaries to co-operate with the supporters of the Tsar. How Important was the role of Trotsky * Leon Trotsky played a very important role in the 1917 Russian Revolution, together with Lenin. * He played an important role in rising up the Red Army, which with out the revolution would have been crushed. * He was very strict and stated that every scoundrel who incited anyone to retreat, to desert, or not to fulfil a military order, will be shot Every soldier of the Red army who voluntarily deserts his post will be shot. Those guilty of harbouring deserters are liable to be shot. * He gave a good impression to his people, by arriving with a train, a famous train that had been speeding to and fro along the different fronts. The train contained excellent facilities. What Happened to Tsar and his Family * After his abdication in March 1917, the Tsar and his family were held under house arrest just outside st. Petersburg * There were moved to Tobolsk in Siberia, then sent to Ekaterinburg in the Urals, where they were held by the Reds in the house of a family called Ipatiev * Tsar presented a continuing problem for the reds. If he escaped he might help unite the White forces; if executed, he could become a martyr. * But it seemed, when the white forces closed in on Ekaterinburg in the summer of 1918, it seemed that the decision was to kill him. * How successful was Lenin in transforming Russia by 1924 There is certainly an element that Russia was transformed by 1924, certainly top an extent in terms of industry, agriculture, political and socio-economic factors. However, Due to Lenins death in 1924, with the resulting power struggle and emergence of Stalin as dictator, put together with Stalins claim that in 1934 that Russia is fifty to a hundred years behind the westernised countries, we have 10 years to close that gap. There is certainly an argument that the transformations within Russia by 1924 were minimal, especially as the Bolsheviks were trying to establish power in the years stemming form the revolution in 1917 Lenins death in 1924. Lenin knew that he had to do something to improve the economic situation in Russia. If he did not, the Communists would not survive. In 1921, he introduced a New Economic Policy (NEP). He had the idea that the NEP would give the Soviet Union a Breathing space to get back on their feet. Many communists were angry about what he saw as a return to capitalism. They did not like the idea that making a profit was the main power source for smaller industries. They disliked stuff like the fact that the bosses of factories or Kulaks (rich peasants) could hire men to work for them. They did not want to go back to the old days. The communists particularly disliked the new traders who were appearing all over the cities. These Nepmen, as they were called, made all of their profit by buying food and goods cheaply and selling them for more money than they are worth. They were middlemen, who the communists saw as those who made money out of the labour of others. Nepmen also set up restaurants and made lots of money from dealing gin property and gambling. Lenin persuaded the party to accept the NEP for the time being. The majority realised that these measures were needed to reduce industry and get more food produced. The next big step forward was the electrification of Russia. Lenin was keen to see Russia evolve with more innovation and saw electric power as the key to modernising the Soviet Union. He envisaged a great network of power stations, which would provide the power for modern large-scale industry. His aim was to put an electric light in every home to replace every oil lams and candles. Lenin Believed electric power would change things so much that he said, Soviet power plus electrification equals Communism. The first light bulb was fitted in 1928, which was 4 years after Lenins death in 1924. He obviously succeeded in bringing light bulbs and more electricity to Russia, but after his death. The NEP encouraged foreign countries, which had refused too trade with Soviet Russia before 1921, to resume trade links. Western countries hoped that the move back to private trade and profit capitalism meant the failure of Communist ideas. In 1921 an Anglo Soviet trade agreement marked the beginning of increased trade with the West, which gave a great boost to the Soviet economy. There were large-scale exchanges of Western industrial goods for Russian oil and similar products. The NEP Lasted until 19128 and Russia generally became more prosperous. Some of this can be pit down to the period of stability, which followed seven years of war and civil war from 1914 to 1921. But the NEP undoubtedly played a big role in improving the general economic situation. We know that between 1921 and 1928 the Agricultural and industrial production had risen considerable. But infact all that had happened was it had returned back to where it was in 1917; Lenin had not really made a big impact on the way Russia worked. After the civil war, Living conditions were still appalling, peasants hauled for their food, had no proper lighting, food was dreadful and had no washing facilities. Lenin failed to stop Stalin becoming a leader, as well as spread communism out of Russia. Yes, Agricultural and Industrial production had risen from 1921-1928, but there were only back where they had started. Lenin had not made any difference except get them back to where they started. Levels rose, yes, but only in relation with 1917, not prior to war levels, also, Stalins 5 year plans showed us that much actually did need to be done, in terms of industry and agriculture progressed but only took Russia back to pre-war levels.

Goin’ Cholita Essay Essay Example for Free

Goin’ Cholita Essay Essay Goin’ Gangsta, Choosin’ Cholita, by Nell Bernstein, is claiming identity and describing how the youth in certain parts of the country are choosing their preferred identity rather than accepting their own. For example, in Bernsteins essay a girl named April, living in California, wants to be Mexican; therefore, she dresses like and attempts to talk in the same accent as a true Mexican, even though she is Anglo. I agree with Bernstein that people are influenced by what they see and hear. April portrays a perfect â€Å"cholita,† with her â€Å"dark lipstick,† â€Å"even darker lip liner,† and â€Å"baggy pants, blue plaid Pendleton and her bangs pulled back tight off her forehead. † I also believe, like Bernstein, that people claim only part of their ethnicity to fit in. Even though April looks and acts like a Cholita she is of â€Å"Anglo† descent. The essay also specifically talks about the state of California, where all this identity changing is happening due to the great diversity of race here. Bernstein claims that this is a positive situation when youths choose an identity other than their own identity. Whatever makes them feel better or boosts their self-esteem is okay, I guess? However, they still have to face the facts; they cannot change their identity. I do not know what dictionary Bernstein is reading, but the definition of identity does not include the word appearance. Identity is who a person is, not who they appear to be. Nell Bernstein does a very good job in describing the â€Å"glamour,† associated with race. It seems, there is always a particular culture that many people want to be associated with and hang around. In the case of Goin’ Gangsta, Choosin’ Cholita Bernstein talks about how teens choose and define their identity, what â€Å"claiming,† an ethnic identity is, and what the concept of â€Å"city† is according to these teens. Bernstein explains that as time goes by the suburbs are becoming more diverse, and people in the suburbs have become infatuated with the â€Å"city life†. The glamour of this may be media-generated. We come from a society that pushed for the concept of â€Å"white is right,† for such a long time that now there are backlashes from other cultures, races, and minorities. Many great strives have been made by various ethnic groups. Accomplished actors and actresses of these ethnic cultures make most often these strive for all to see because of the glamour and prestige that they hold in Hollywood. Actresses such as Jennifer Lopez, and Halle Berry are most often credited with moving ahead both women, and those of Latino and African descent. Men such as Denzel Washington and John Leguizamo are very well respected actors in the field as well. With the success of these role models, as well as the acceptance of diversity has become many â€Å"Caucasian† students are now being rejected. Many of the relatives and ancestors had to fight very hard for their rights and this may be why many younger generations want to be like them because they can identify with them and also because of how â€Å"glamorous† their lives seemed, and because of portrayal in the media. They â€Å"claim† these cultures to be accepted and more respected. Actually many generations of these cultures do press the importance of filial piety (respect for their elders), deep within their cultures as opposed to those of Caucasian families who viewed by other cultures, do not know â€Å"their† place. Because of the emphasis on heritage of the quickly populating cultures in their areas, many feel they do not belong. Because of this nuclear family as opposed to multi-generational, many cultures could clash. Glamorous is a life where everyone else belongs because of how he or she looks or what ancestor they have which entitles them to prestige, finally because of the long awaited freedom and hardships that they had to endure to get there. Embrace your family; you are one of us if you are in any group of people. Look at movies like The Godfather. Italian-Americans involved with the Mafia worked hard for family to be able to provide for them, but were also caught up in some bad stuff. Italians/ Italian-Americans who ran around shooting on behalf of who they were, as well as against those of the same culture that was at odds with them. It seemed like a very glamorous life even though those involved would say that it was far from it. Many cultures today or those who want to be involved in these cultures, adorn themselves with stereotypes and simply to be accepted, as Bernstein states, â€Å"they are very young but may not understand the full comprehension of all that was involved, it may be the influence of being tough, bad, and able to bounce back with a greater force that these teens look for. † They are at a very young age and are still growing. The ability to take on these preset identities (stereotypes) may feel that it helps them find out who they are because adolescence is a very unsure time. The ability to fit-in such as school, friends, and communities also play a very critical role in the development of an adolescent. Many kids who are raised in the suburbs now a days feel as if they have to choose a â€Å"crew† to hang around. Even the white kids do not feel safe in their own streets unless they are hanging with the bad crew. Kids feel the need to choose what group they belong to based on the way they dress, what music they listen to, and whom they see as a role model figure. Kids should not be forced at such a young age to claim something they are not. Children should be proud of the race they originally are. With the growing amount of races becoming more diverse in not only in the suburbs but around the world, it is important for parents to enforce the values of nationality. The author made it very important to write this article in order to show people the truth behind color. Although it may be easier for a child to join a group and feel accepted, they should also know that they would not truly be accepted until they accept themselves. Cultures are becoming more and more diverse. Although culture is constantly changing, people should not change their personal values in order to feel accepted. In conclusion, I feel the media does play a role in stereotyping these cultures and making them seem more glamorous, but the actual families of those from the actual cultures (Latino, African, etc. ) stress the importance of filial piety. This respect for ancestors joined with expectations and role models in the media can make this seem more glamorous. Adolescents that are trying to find out who they are in a very critical time in their lives often fall back onto this because identity already seems â€Å"preset,† and is easier to follow that finding out one for their self. Many Caucasian teens are being ridiculed because of what they are and history, so they often desperately pull from what they know to be able to fit in better and not be ridiculed as much, but more accepted. With cultures melting together today and many marriages creating children of various backgrounds, it can be very confusing for children of these higher populated states to find out who they are. The glamorous look may come from the comradely that these cultures have for members within. It may be looked at as glamorous because of the popularity of its members or even how it is shown in the media, but it is most glamorous for those who are not of the decent because they finally have a place to belong among those who accept them because of it.

Economic Model Of Price Determination In A Market Economics Essay

Economic Model Of Price Determination In A Market Economics Essay As an economic model of price determination in a market, the relationship between supply and demand is a topic being discussed for a long time. We may think of demand as a force which tends to increase the price of a good, and also that supply as a force which tends to reduce the price. According to the microeconomics theory, the price P of a product is determined by a balance between production at each price (supply S) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand D).It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by producers (at current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium of price and quantity. When the two forces balance one another, the result will be that the price neither rise nor fall, but stay stable. This is the analogy that leads us to think of the stable or natural price in a particular market. It is called the equilibrium price. As we know, iPhone now has attracted great attention and become a heated topic. Here, we take it for example: if every consumer wants and can afford an iPhone, and APPLE Company is willing to provide each of them one iPhone, the demand and supply is in equilibrium status. In addition to the theory above, is there any relation among supply demand and the market? How to measure the relation? Is there anything else to measure the functions of supply and demand in market? Or they have some links when influencing the market? There are three theses concerning this topic for further discussion. The first thesis I have chosen is written by David Huffman. The author insists that supply and demand is measurable. (Another thesis I introduce below is the opposite: ) He tries to resort to retail Market Place to addresses these questions because he thinks the database of Retail Market Place can provide a direct comparison between retail sales and consumer spending by industry and it can therefore measures the gap between supply and demand. In his thesis, he holds the view that there are two ways by supply or demand to measure activity in a retail market. The article is mainly divided into three parts to probe into this topic: Market Supply (Retail Sales); Market Demand (Retail Potential); The Leakage/Surplus Factor (Supply and Demand). One point must be emphasized is that Leakage in an area represents a condition where a markets supply is less than the demand. For such factors, it seems that to measure the market by using supply and demand as a tool is doable and useful. There is another thesis by an anonymous author also discusses the relation of supply, demand and market. Ordinarily, there always exist different price levels where individual buyers and sellers are satisfied so that the sum total will create a market or equilibrium price. But in reality, there will be some exceptions, because a market price is not a fair price to all participants in the marketplace. Not only when there is no increase in the quantity of product demanded, but also when there is a shift in demand due to changing consumer preferences will influence the market price and reach a new equilibrium. So does the reaction to the short run or long run changes. The charts below are separately describing change in equilibrium price and shift in demand. In most regions, iPhone is not only a cell phone but more than an apparatus of making telephone calls and writing text messages. iPhone has been a symbol of some players, and people distinguish their identity from using iPhone: They have a keen sense of popularity; They enjoy being a member of their circle and they like communicating with real friends or net friends; They eagerly break the tradition and desire something newà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Though the price of iPhone is high enough to restrain most consumers, many people choose iPhone for proving themselves different. Such relation of supply and demand decides that iPhone occupies in the High End of the market. If the price of iPhone decreases, on one hand, it will surely attract more consumers, but on the other hand, many previous buyers will quit because iPhone is no longer unique and rare. But in the article written by JUSTIN WOLFERS in 2009, the author argues that supply and demand are difficult to measure. At the very beginning of the article, the author raises the question of Catherine Rampell, Does lowering the price of broadband increase its use, which brings a research and a series of data and diagram trying to figure out the demand curve. However, the reality is always beyond the theory only in the textbook. Sometimes to our surprise, the result is different though the source of data is the same. The author gives an example to illustrate it: a supply-obsessed economist were interested in asking Does increasing use of broadband raise its price? so that he might examine data on broadband prices and adoption rates. He expects to see more broadband correlated with higher prices because the supply curve is upward sloping but undoubtedly the result will be opposite for a demand-obsessed economist. As we know, there are many types of factors taking effect. On one hand, the determinants of supply include production costs, the technology of production, the price of related goods, firms expectations about future prices, number of suppliers, etc. On the other hand, the determinants of demand comprise income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods and services, expectations and number of Buyers. Whats more, it is believed that factoring in of Marketing also has something to do with the curves because marketing drives demand in some way. In a wide variety of historic and current examples, we find more and more evidence that with shifts in demand or in supply causing changes in price and quantity, we can explain changes in quantities as well as prices as the equilibrium of supply and demand. The changes in price and quantity are coordinated in many ways that can be not only understood but also predicted, at the premise that we understand the theory of supply and demand. As the topic of the article, the author thinks that the factors influencing the equilibrium are far more complicated so Supply and Demand Are Hard to Measure. To some extent, that is because prices and quantities are determined by both supply and demand. The author has a new idea that nationality has influence and it indeed makes a difference. It is pointed out that prices and quantities differ across countries, which breaks the traditional theory of If both curves were the same in every country, broadband prices and use would be the same in every country. Some people may even argue that income skews the opportunity cost of broadband ownership. It seems strange that iPhone sells extraordinarily well Mainland China. Maybe you will surprise that in such a developing Asian country, though a small portion of people can lead a tremendous change. Its true, and its certain that China has been the greatest purchasing power only after the USA on luxury goods, let along iPhone. Consequently, what makes supply and demand hard to measure is the reality: the world is indeed a mixture of both cases. The author owes this to an identification problem, with a bit sense of humor, which arises precisely because prices and quantities are determined by both blades of the supply and demand scissors. The example of iPhone indeed proves that demand and supply are hard to measure. Many people bought iPhone not because they need it but for other reasons. Some bought for keeping up with the latest trend, some bought because other people recommended, some bought for showing off, and some bought for having a tryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Here comes the consequence of over demand. Whats more, if the APPLE Company restricts the supply so that iPhones seem scarce to consumers, many people will squeeze and swarm forward to get simply one iPhone, even late at night before its release. Some luxury companies also promote their articles in limited edition and as a result supply and demand is unequal. We can bring the same example to every day life. If we compare the price of water to the price of diamonds, there is a dramatic difference. The price of water is very cheap and we use it everyday, not only for drinking, but also for washing cars, watering plants, and for flushing the toilets. Most importantly water is crucial for our life. Diamonds on the other hand, has no significant influence to our lives other than showing off. Diamonds are for sure luxury products, but its components are simply carbon. If we assume that the price of water is extremely expensive, would we still use water to wash our cars or flushing the toilets? If the price of diamonds are as cheap as water, will people still ware it on their fingers or as an engagement gift? It all comes down to the theory of scarcity. Water is cheap simply because its easy to get and the world has sufficient of it, diamonds are expensive because it takes millions of years to form and its hard to find. Generally, there is still something worth digesting after reading and some problems remain unsolved. With much doubt, some readers raised a list of questions. For instance, supply and demand curves must be linear? If supply and demand curves shift around in different geographical regions, or in different periods of time, then shall we get to assume that economic equilibrium is well-defined? Whether the author assumes the shifts occur because of how preferences are distributed or because preferences change, it seems that theres no guarantee that exchanges are approaching an efficient allocation of resourcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The three theses above have a sequence from concrete to abstract. In fact, in the marketplace, it is rarely possible for supply and demand to go the path we have designed. On one hand, supply and demand can be used to describe and measure the market, but on the other hand, for the factors are numerous, the curve is a result of price and quantity as well as a combinat ion of demand and supply, and surely these reasons make the relationship of supply and demand hard to measure.

Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of I Syng Ess

Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of I Syng of a Mayden, this essay will be focusing on how the anonymous poet conveys religious ideas throughout the poem. The poem was written by an anonymous poet in the 15th Centaury How does the poet convey religious ideas in the poem 'I Syng of a Mayden'? Using the literary and linguistic concepts and approaches of 'I Syng of a Mayden', this essay will be focusing on how the anonymous poet conveys religious ideas throughout the poem. The poem was written by an anonymous poet in the 15th Centaury. As it was by an anonymous poet the poem was probably passed round by mouth and song meaning that it could be a ballad or hymn. As well as that, I also feel that due to the fact that the three middle verses all have 'That fallyt on the...' and 'As due in Aprylle' repeated it suggests that it could very well be a ballad or hymn as most are structured like that. The title 'I Syng of a Mayden' is Middle English text and the word 'Mayden' especially, as it's very medieval language dating back to The Madonna and Child where all paintings were focused on Bible stories, and a lot of poems at the time were transcribed in Monasteries indicating religious themes. 'Mayden' also means Virgin, relating back to the religious side of the poem, which could suggested that 'I Syng of a Mayden' was about the religious symbol, the Virgin Mary. Throughout the poem it shows references to Mary and baby Jesus, such as 'Kyng of alle Kynges' which has been mentioned in the Bible referring to Christ being more powerful than any King, 'He cam al so stylle' meaning he appeared in her womb as if like magic or 'As dew in Aprylle' as the poem suggests. The key themes in this po... ...es a simile 'as dew' to emphasis the importance of water in everyone’s live, in this case he uses it to compare importance to Christ in saying that, like water, you can't live without it. The poet uses hushed lullaby tones throughout the poem such as 'ches' and 'gras' which both end with a 'shhing' sound such as a lullaby making it a very peaceful, quiet atmosphere. He uses Bilabial nasals such as 'moder and mayden' to give a kind of softer sound, we produce these nasal phonemes by lowering the velum to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity giving an 'ng' or in this case an 'mm' sound. He also uses fricatives such as 'fallyt on the flour' which is the use of alliteration of the sound 'ff'. It gives it a harder sound. Lastly it uses sibilance in 'so stylle' which shows more alliteration and emphasises the words to make them seem even softer/quieter.

Disability Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s society men have an attraction towards skinny women. The most gorgeous super models are thin and when other girls look at them, they get jealous. Many girls see this, and view themselves as being overweight and have a complex and a desire, which is to be skinny, this disease is called Anorexia. Anorexia is a disease, which affects mostly women and sometimes men. Anorexia is when you think you are fat, and you deprive yourself of food in order to be skinny. They see themselves as being fat and want to strive to be better than the "norm", and by that, being as skinny as possible. The glamorous women are skinny and we see this everywhere in movies, fashion shows, television, magazines etc†¦ Lennard Davis describes normalcy as "Each of us endeavors to be normal or else deliberates tries to avoid that state". (p47 Davis) We humans do everything by comparison, whether it be comparisons between cars, weight, looks, money, and pretty much anything else you can think of. Mostly all us strive to be better than "normal". Anorexia is a disease, which exists when a person has a goal, a goal to look better than anyone else does. Anorexia in itself is a disability because they are unable to function like a normal person should. Their bodies physically deteriorate and they have a complex that is practically incurable. Anorexia physically ruins your skin because you are not consuming any oils and the skin dries out. With prolong Anorexia, females are prone to losing their ability to give birth because of malnutrition. Mentally it kills you because all you think about is how you look, and looks aren’t that important in comparison to your personality. It is called the incurable disease because once someone has this complex they can never really let they eat a fatty food, or ever see them even a pound heavier than they are. When my sister was Anorexic, her doctor asked her, "What would you do if I forced you to eat a Burger Kingâ„ ¢ french fry?" She responded "I’d kill myself". At one point she weighed 97 pounds, and was 5 feet 10 inches tall. My sister fortunately has technically been cured because she eats normally but she still watches what she eats extremely carefully. "Any bell curve will always have at its extremities those characteristics that deviate from the norm. So, with the concept of the norm come... ...are over weight and starve themselves. Society categorizes people in basically two groups, pretty and ugly. Although I do not agree with this, many people are rude to many people who are over weight. If you go to a school where the average girl weighs 160lbs and you weigh 140lbs you may be placed in a category with the "pretty" group. On the other hand if the situation is reversed and the average girl weighs 115lbs, and you weigh 120lbs you may be in the "ugly" group which causes many people to become self conscious and go anorexic. In my sisters case she used to hang out with a group of girls who were very pretty and she had a complex and wanted to look better than the rest of them. Her way was starvation, and once she got to her best looking stage, the "ideal" point, she kept on starving herself leading to detrimental consequences. Many people have many different ideas about anorexia and how it is trying to be more like the "norm" by removing a stigma of being overweight, like in my sisters case except she was never really overweight. Ideology plays a big role in this as well because they never get to their ideal state causing problems.

Use of Medium & Elements :: Drama

Use of Medium & Elements During performing scenes from A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. We used two different types of Styles. Naturalistic and Non Naturalistic. We worked in groups on each style. Naturalistic is a form of drama which is realistic. Not many strategies can be used doing this form. Non Naturalistic drama can contain many explorative strategies, such as, Hot seating, Still image, and thought tracking. The first style we worked on was Non Naturalistic. We chose to the scene where Krogstad confronted Nora. We made Krogstad two people to try and show Krogstad's power over Nora. We alternated the lines between two actors. (Use of spoken language) Krogstad was wrapped in a big black blanket to represent a black hole that Nora had fallen into. A hole of lies and deceit, towards Torvald. Nora was dressed in white to represent her innocence that she thought she had. We used these colours for symbolism in this production. This is a drama medium. Using symbolism showed me how different art forms react with other art forms. (E.g. colour and script) The script changed for me from then on. The white and black was a contrast that is widely used in the world. White is used for angels black is used for hell. White is used for a wedding black is used for a funeral. White is day. Black is night. People are scared of the night but never the day. During this scene we used space wisely. Nora moved backwards as Krogstad moved forwards. Using movement Krogstad would fly the black blanket around over Nora head trying to suck her under it. Nora would back away though trying to resist the dark side. (The outside of the house). Towards the end of scene where Krogstad dominates Nora and gets the truth out of her They exchanged blanket. Nora is now wrapped in black, which symbolises the outside world and the lies and deceit. It shows the viewer that Nora has no way of escaping what she has done. Using Non- Naturalistic drama to produce a scene from A Dolls House helped me understand the script a bit more. It certainly helped me figure out how scary the outside world was for Nora and Torvald. The symbolism in the blankets were a great help also in portraying how Nora had lied and it had caught up with her. Carrying the black blanket did help me imagine what the outside world must be like for the Helmer household. Holding the blanket and moving it closer to Nora who was a big sheet of white pure innocence felt quite evil yet

Charter of Rights and Freedoms Essay

Former United States Attorney General Ramsey Clark wrote in the New York Times, â€Å"A right is not what someone gives you; but what no one can take away.† It is in this vein that a country drafts legislation to protect the rights of their inhabitants. In the United States there is the Bill of Rights, which consists of a preamble and the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787 . The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first part of the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982 . Both of these documents provide for the rights and freedoms that both countries see as inalienable to their respective populations. This is where the similarity between them ends. These documents are vastly different. They were crafted in different centuries and therefore have different emphases. One key difference between the two documents is how they treat criminal law and the rights attached to an investigation. Another interesting comparison is what both documents do not discuss. In Canada, if a person is detained they are required to be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney in accordance to Section 10(b) of the charter and SCR R vs. Therens 1985. The judgment reads: â€Å"Where a detainee is required to provide evidence which may be incriminating and where refusal to comply is punishable as a criminal offence,†¦ s. 10(b) imposes a duty not to call upon the detainee to provide that evidence without first informing him of his s. 10(b) rights and providing him with a reasonable opportunity and time to retain and instruct counsel.† In the United States, a detainee’s right to council falls under amendment six to the constitution . Chief Justice Warren’s report reads: â€Å"The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from custodial interrogation of the defendant unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the privilege against self-incrimination . . . As for the procedural safeguards to be employed . . . the following measures are required. Prior to any questioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent,  that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed.† The difference between the details of these two ideas is great. The Charter makes the reading of the rights mandatory prior to anything that might be incriminating. This includes line ups, breathalyzers, etc . In the United States Miranda only has to be read once the person is custody, under interrogation or arrest. Miranda is the slang term given to the rights that the detainer is obliged to recite to the detainee before their detention. It begins with the lines made famous by cop shows, â€Å"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you do or say can and will be used against you in a court of law . . . † In Canada, because we have no Fifth Amendment law the detainee does not need to be warned against self incrimination. Also, in Canada, after the recitation of the rights, the detainee needs to be asked if they understand and if they want to call a lawyer now. These differences occur because of the nature of the two documents. The Bill of Rights was partially a reaction to anti-federalist complaints that the constitution gave to much power to the federal government. It was not written with the same forethought that was put into the Charter. Justice Lamer suggests that the differences emerge from the expansiveness that needs to be incorporated into a document of the charter variety . This is seen in other sections of both documents as well. The fourth amendment states, â€Å"The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.† The Charter states in s. 8, â€Å"Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure.† This provision of s. 8 is broad and conditional only to the provisions of s. 7 and the principles of fundamental justice. Is the body protected by this right? Does search include both body and place? The 8th amendment states, â€Å"nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† S. 12 uses the word â€Å"subjected†. The difference is that S. 12 can be applied to matters other then criminal punishment, as seen in Rodriguez v. British Colombia [1993] 3. S.C.R. The documents were written at very different times and for very different purposes. Out of this arise many differences. The Bill of Rights has a long history entangled with that of the American Constitution. It was the anti-federalists attack on the American Constitution. Patrick Henry told the Virginia Convention, â€Å"What can avail your specious, imaginary balances, your rope-dancing, chain-rattling, ridiculous ideal checks and contrivances.† They demanded a more concise constitution that clearly laid out the rights of the people and the limitations of the government. James Madison wrote in his diary, â€Å"that such fundamental maxims of free Government would be a good ground for an appeal to the sense of community against potential oppression and would counteract the impulses of interest and passion.† The Bill of Rights that Madison passed was based heavily upon The Virginia Declaration of Rights. The Virginia Declaration was a document that was written during the British occupation. Thomas Jefferson drew heavily upon it for The Declaration of Independence. Because it was written during the time of oppression of the British it very specifically counteracts the then current grievances. Is the issue of quartering a solider in your house at peace time such a pressing on that it is addressed in the Bill of Rights? There is no such provision in the Charter. Many of the rights guaranteed were those that were removed by the British. The British limited freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of the press. All of these rights are affirmed in the first amendment. To prevent revolution, the British limited the right to bear arms that is now protected in the second amendment. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was written almost two hundred years after the Bill of Rights. It replaced the relatively ineffective Bill of Rights, 1960 that only affected the laws made after its inception. It was also a bill so it could be altered by an Act of Parliament. The late seventies, early eighties were a time of development and change. The country was still reeling from the FLQ crisis and was troubled by the possibility of Quebec separating from the rest of Canada. When Pierre Treudeau wanted to repatriate the constitution from Britain, he encountered heavy opposition  from the provinces, mainly Quebec. Tredeau then added the notwithstanding clause, or s. 33 of the charter to appease their concerns. What is seen as the Achilles heel, the flaw in the foundation of the charter is a result of the political pressures of the period in which it was written. The time period also had a great effect on the scope and nature of the charter. During the Treudeau years society began a liberalization that is continuing today. The rights of the individual became more and more important over those of the community. This is seen to the rights granted in the Charter that were not in the Bill of Rights. Mobility rights and equality rights were not expressly provided for in the Bill of Rights. The differences in the time periods have created documents with a very different focus. The American Bill of Rights protects the states against the tyranny and oppression of the federal government. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individual rights and those of minority groups against subjugation by the majority. The Bill of Rights and the Charter do not provide for many rights that we see as fundamental. Both documents do not mention the word privacy or provide for definitions of expectations of privacy . They let the courts determine that reflective of society. It took a series of landmark rulings in 1973 for the USSC to define what â€Å"a reasonable expectation of privacy † is. The Canadian Supreme Court did the same with the first Charter challenges, including Hunter v. Southam Inc. and others. The Bill of Rights does not mention God, while the Charter begins with â€Å"Whereas Canada is founded upon the principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law.† This creates a complete separation of Church and State in the Bill of Rights, while providing for religious schools in the Charter. The Charter does not provide a right to property, economic rights or labour rights. This means that the rights of unions to bargain collectively, the rights to compensation for confiscated property and the right to form unions are not protected except by act of parliament. In the Bill of Rights it says, â€Å"nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just  compensation.† The Charter has Section One, a legal tool by which the Supreme Court can limit the rights of the people. It provides that no right is absolute and is subject to reasonable limits that can be justified in a free and democratic society. The Bill of Rights has no such tool. In fact, the first amendment begins, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting . . .† This results in the USSC protecting the rights of Neo-Nazis to parade through a neighborhood of holocaust survivors and allowing for the formation of religious cults. The Charter also has s.33 as mentioned above. The provinces have the right to opt out of federal laws. In Quebec, all laws begin, â€Å"Notwithstanding the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.† The Bill of Rights has no such section. This is a result of the American Civil War. During the Civil War, the South succeeded from the Union because they chose not to abide by the slavery laws. To prevent this from happening again, no such provision was included in the Bill of Rights. The American Bill of Rights and The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are two documents that protect the rights and freedoms of the citizens and landed residents of their respective countries. This is where the clear similarities between the documents end. They deal with the ideas of legal and prosecutorial rights very differently. The documents differ greatly in the origins and focus. The documents are also at variance in what they do not include. Both documents play a fundamental role in protecting the ways in which we live our lives. Their differences and variances provide and define the differences between our two societies. Bibliography: *Amar, Akhil Reed. The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. *Beaudoin, Gerald A. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto: Carswell, 1989. *Douglas, Ann. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Canda in the 80’s. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1999. *Dumbauld, Edward. The Bill of Rights and What It Means Today. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1979. *Greene, Ian. The Charter of Rights. Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1989. *MacCharles, Tonda. â€Å"Book ‘Em Dano! Canada’s Tough Arrest Rules.† The Toronto Star 15 April 2002. *McKercher, William Russel. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1983. *Supreme Court of Canada, http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/csc-scc/en/index.html University of Montreal. *The Bill of Rights, http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/billmain.html National Archives and Record Administration. *U.S. Supreme Court, Arizona v Miranda, http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=384&invol=436 Findlaw.

Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Essay

Determining the outgo normal of govern mental association was important to the quaint Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and any(prenominal) of them expressed his stamp in important works much(prenominal) as the country and Politics. In explaining, canvass, and separate the policy-making philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, it is evident that apiece of them dual-lane the same goal of identifying and promoting the shell wee of semi governmental government. They withal sh bed in mutual the same philosophy regarding the origins of a policy-making state. The State arises, Plato says finished Socrates in the Republic, out of the needs of mankind. (Plato) Aristotle agrees, and declares that the state is a semi governmental partnership that exists for purposes of self-sufficiency as well as for the sake of hold well. In other words, the State exists in order to provide for the well-being of its citizens. Aristotle expresses this in Politics when he argues, the go od animation is the purpose of the city-state. (Aristotle) Further more than, two Aristotle and Plato agreed that human is by nature a political animal, because he has the ability to express his thoughts about(predicate) justice.Their respective analyses reflected their respect for justice, and their elevation of it to the highest priority. In the Republic, Plato defines just political prescript as a system in which each interest is satisfied to the proper ut more or less and every atomic number 53 has what is theirs. The philosophers see the knowledge they want the warriors have the honors they want and the commoners have the goods and pleasures they want, under the initiate guidance of philosophers and warriors. The methods of Aristotle and Plato were homogeneous in legion(predicate) ways.They both(prenominal) utilized logic, evaluations of contemporary politics, and extensive comparisons of various types of political find to fix at their conclusions. As citizens o f ancient Greece, they both shared much the same panorama on society, religion, morality, and politics. They also shared similar historical perspectives, and their perceptions of contemporary events were springed through the same philosophical context. champion of the contrasts among their methods is that Plato used analogies to make his points.He examined a political state by comparing the state with the human soul. Unlike Aristotle, he also used a stylus of approach in which he make his points through dialogues involving Socrates. He also knowing an precedent state run by people he referred to as The Guardians which differed from Aristotles approach in Politics, in which carriage and form more closely resembled an strain or monologue. In Politics, Aristotle emphasized that fabricate political determine involves pursuing policies which are to the common advantage of the most people.Aristotle conclude that rulers who placed their own interests above everyone elses had no political legitimacy, for their tyranny brought distraint upon their own people. Aristotle set forth the best forms of political rule as kingship, aristocracy and polity, and described the worst forms as tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. Plato was also harshly critical of tyranny, and described it in the Republic as, non a matter of humble theft and violence, but of wholesale plunder, sacral and profane, private or public. (Plato) Both mens methods involved a statewide analytic thinking of the consequences of each form of rule.Aristotle criticized country because its consequences were rule by the multitude, which causes injustice. He criticized Oligarchy because its consequences were rule by the wealthy, which also causes injustice and he criticized Tyranny because its consequences were dictatorship, which again causes injustice. In scathe of the merits of the citizenry, Aristotle notes that the people may collectively be the best judges of certain things, so it is justi fied for them to take part in deliberations. But like Plato, he feels that the common people are not suitable to share in the highest offices.Both Plato and Aristotle also agree that laws need to be make in accordance with the regime, and agree that the more just a ruler is, the more just the laws will be. Essentially, both Aristotle and Plato insist that the goal of politics should be justice. One difference between them is that Plato believed that the best adduce to rule was education and justice, although he conceded that at that place is also a claim to rule based on wealth and on numbers. Another difference is that Aristotle emphasized that the most important task for a drawing card was to be a lawgiver, and to frame the admit report for the city-state.In Aristotles system, it was the draws duty to provide permanent laws, customs, and institutions for the citizens. According to Aristotle, once the constitution was in place, the ruler needed to take the demand steps to maintain it, to implement reforms when he considered them necessary, and to guard against any subversion of the political system. Aristotles emphasis on a constitution sets him apart from Plato, who considered philosopher kingship the best form of political rule. Aristotle described a constitution as a certain purchase order of the inhabitants of the city-state, and as the way of biography of the citizens.(Aristotle) He also speaks of the constitution of a club as the form of the compound and argues that whether the companionship is the same over time depends on whether it has the same constitution. (Aristotle) It should be noted that notwithstanding the fact that Aristotles political views were influenced by Plato, he was very critical of the ideal city-state set forth in Platos Republic. He based his criticism on the grounds that Platos ideal city-state overvalued political unity, embraced a system of communism that was meshuga and inimical to human nature, and neglected the bliss of the individual citizens.In contrast, in Aristotles view of the ideal State each and every citizen would possess moral virtue and the equipment to carry it out in practice, and thereby attain a life of morality and complete happiness. All of the citizens would hold political office and possess private prop because one should call the city-state happy not by looking at a part of it but at all the citizens. (Aristotle) In conclusion, the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle were both concerned with identifying and promoting the best form of political association.In works such as the Republic and Politics, they used similar methods of analysis to evaluate the best form of political rule. For Aristotle, the best form of political rule corresponded to the best way of life for a human being. Since the best way of life is living nobly and according to virtue, the best political form of rule is the one which promotes this kind of life. For Plato, the best form of poli tical rule was Aristocracy, for it involves rule by the best people in the political community. Bibliography Aristotle. Politics. impertinently York Dover Publications, 2000. Plato. Republic. New York Viking Press, 1955.